Injection Sites for Llamas
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Injection sites
The best way to learn how and where to give injections is with the help of your veterinarian -- a demonstration is worth a thousand words, particularly if the words aren't read carefully!
Subcutaneous injections (also "sub-Q" or "SQ") are generally given into one of three sites in front of the shoulder blade. Don't try this without a demonstration -- there are critical nerves and blood vessels that you could damage! Injectable dewormers are usually given SQ, as is Albon (for coccidia).
Intermuscular injections (also "IM") may be given into the triceps and the semimembranoses. Again, don't try this without a demonstration -- you could lame your llama! Some veterinarians are comfortable administering injections IM into the lower muscling of the neck; others say to NEVER do such a thing. A few use the lumbar muscles because of their ready accessability; as users of working llamas, we absolutely do not allow use of this site unless the animal in question is a difficult-to-restrain rescue with no safe alternatives. In any case, learn to use all the available sites your veterinarian will teach you. If you will be giving injectable medications for several days, it is important to rotate injection sites.
Absorption rates are different for SQ and IM, and some substances behave differently when given by different routes. If your vet prescribes one route, consult with him or her before changing to a different one.
Most well-trained llamas will accept injections while tied or cross-tied. Putting a llama in a restraint chute for an injection may not be wise, depending on the chute design -- the most common problems are injury to the handler's hands, and increased risk of damage to the llama from bent and/or broken needles. It is worth mentioning that we have never needed a restraint chute for administering injections despite the large number of rescues and rehabs we have dealt with over the years.
20 gauge, 3/4" needles work best for IM injections in llamas. 20x1" are good for SQ injections, can be used for IMs on muscular adults in a pinch, and also work well for jugular blood draws on the thicker-skinned males and geldings. If you find yourself dealing with a lot of crias, stock some 22x1/2" needles as well.
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